【scrapy】scrapy使用pycharm打开项目目录

一 创建爬虫：

(资料图片仅供参考)

cd到我们存放项目的文件夹 然后 scrapy startproject BQG cd：BQG 然后 scrapy genspider biquge biduo.cc

二 使用pycharm打开我们的项目目录

1setting设置

这里我是将我的整个文件贴到这里.

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-from fake_useragent import UserAgent# Scrapy settings for BQG project## For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:##     https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#     https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#     https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.htmlBOT_NAME = "BQG"SPIDER_MODULES = ["BQG.spiders"]NEWSPIDER_MODULE = "BQG.spiders"LOG_LEVEL = "WARNING"# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agentUSER_AGENT = UserAgent().chrome# Obey robots.txt rulesROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay# See also autothrottle settings and docsDOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3# The download delay setting will honor only one of:#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16# Disable cookies (enabled by default)#COOKIES_ENABLED = False# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False# Override the default request headers:# DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {#   "Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8",#   "Accept-Language": "en",# }# Enable or disable spider middlewares# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html#SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {#    "BQG.middlewares.BqgSpiderMiddleware": 543,#}# Enable or disable downloader middlewares# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {#    "BQG.middlewares.BqgDownloaderMiddleware": 543,#}# Enable or disable extensions# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html#EXTENSIONS = {#    "scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole": None,#}# Configure item pipelines# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.htmlITEM_PIPELINES = {   "BQG.pipelines.BqgPipeline": 300,}# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True# The initial download delay#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to# each remote server#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0#HTTPCACHE_DIR = "httpcache"#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = "scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage"

2 spider文件写法

这里我们简单分析：

（1）parse函书获取首页的链接，在这里我们获取小说分类的链接url（https://www.biduo.cc/book_1_1/），小说章节页面的url.小说分类页面的链接（https://www.biduo.cc/biquge/56_56606/），我们继续返回parse函数解析，获取我们的俩种目标链接.小说章节也得链接，我们由下一个函书解析get_novel.

（2）get_novel次函数只要获取小说名称，小说首页的链接（https://www.biduo.cc/biquge/56_56606/c100952.html）.（这里不获取所有章节的链接，是因为scrapy爬虫是多线程的，如果获取所有章节链接，那么返回的时候，顺序不对.）通过首页的链接，在get_page_content函书获取整个小说的章节内容.

（3）get_page_content此函数获取小说每一章节的名称，内容.这里获取首页之后，然后通过翻页获取下一页小说的内容.可以避免返回数据的顺序问题.

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-import scrapyfrom lxml import etreeimport reclass BiqugeSpider(scrapy.Spider):    name = "biquge"    allowed_domains = ["biduo.cc"]    start_urls = ["https://www.biduo.cc/"]    def parse(self, response):        # print(response.text)        pat = r"href="/book_\d+_\d+/">"        pat = r"/book_\d+_\d+/"        tab_lists = re.findall(pat, response.text)        print("****************************")        for li in tab_lists:            yield scrapy.Request(                url="https://www.biduo.cc/"+ li,                callback=self.parse,            )        pat1 = r"/biquge/\d+_\d+\/"        t_lists = re.findall(pat1, response.text)        for li in t_lists:            # print(li)            yield scrapy.Request(                url="https://www.biduo.cc" + li,                callback=self.get_novel,            )    def get_novel(self,response):        novel_url = response.url        novel_title = response.xpath("//div[@id="info"]/h1/text()").extract_first()        # novel_lists = response.xpath("//div[@id="list"]/dl/dd/a/@href").extract()        novel_first = "https://www.biduo.cc" + response.xpath("//div[@id="list"]/dl/dd[1]/a/@href").extract_first()        yield scrapy.Request(            url = novel_first,            callback=self.get_page_content,            meta={"novel_title":novel_title,"novel_url":novel_url}        )    def get_page_content(self,response):        item = {}        item["novel_title"] = response.meta["novel_title"]        item["novel_url"] = response.meta["novel_url"]        item["page_title"] = response.xpath("//h1/text()").extract_first()        item["page_url"] = response.url        item["page_content"] = "".join(response.xpath("//div[@id="content"]/text()").extract()).replace("\xa0","")        # item["page_content"] = response.xpath("//div[@id="content"]/text()").extract()        yield item        next1 = response.xpath("//div[@class="bottem2"]/a[3]/@href").extract_first()        # //*[@id="wrapper"]/div[4]/div/div[2]/div[1]/a[3]        print(next1)        next_url = "https://www.biduo.cc" + next1        # response.urljoin(next_url)        if next_url != item["novel_url"]:            yield scrapy.Request(                url = next_url,                callback=self.get_page_content,                meta={"novel_title":item["novel_title"],"novel_url":item["novel_url"]}            )

3pipline文件

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-# Define your item pipelines here## Don"t forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting# See: https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.htmlclass BqgPipeline(object):    def start(self,item,spider):        self.file = open("novels/{}.txt".format(item["novel_title"]), "a+", encoding="utf-8")    def process_item(self, item, spider):        self.file = open("novels/{}.txt".format(item["novel_title"]), "a+", encoding="utf-8")        print(item["page_title"])        self.file.write(item["page_title"]+"\n")        self.file.write(item["page_url"]+"\n")        self.file.write(item["page_content"]+"\n")        return item    def closed(self,item,spider):        self.file.close()

4运行效果：

5 源码已上传到我的资源里面.如果需要可以下载.